Top 10 Best ARRMA 6S For Bashing, Speed And Desert

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This Top 10 ranks ARRMA’s current 6S Ready To Run trucks and buggies by Horizon Hobby’s published vehicle type, rated speed, list price, and intended use copy, on paper. Horizon listed the US prices below when checked Nov 10, 2026. A battery and charger are not included with any of these ten RTRs. This is a buying list from Horizon specs, not a hands on test. Every speed figure is a manufacturer rating. Check current price on the live listing before you order.

Quick answer: On paper, the KRATON 6S (ARA8608V6) is the best all round basher: Horizon calls it the ultimate speed monster truck for big air and brutal bashing, rates it 65+ MPH, and listed it at $699.99. The TYPHON 6S (ARA8606V5) is the best value, as the lowest priced official 6S RTR at $579.99, still rated 70+ MPH. Labels for the rest: NOTORIOUS 6S for stunts, FELONY 6S AVC for street speed, INFRACTION 6S AVC for all road hooning, TYPHON 6S TLR for racing style handling, MOJAVE 6S for open desert, KRATON 6S EXB for bash toughness, TALION 6S EXB as the top speed truck, and MOJAVE 6S EXB for desert toughness. Official rated speeds for the wider lineup live on our ARRMA Top Speed by Model page. If you want a first ARRMA, start with the beginner buying guide instead.

ARRMA KRATON 6S 4X4 RTR (ARA8608V6) — Best all round basher

1/8 4WD monster truck, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 65+ MPH
Horizon listed $699.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Kraton 6S (ARA8608V6) (search results, not a specific listing)

ARRMA TYPHON 6S 4X4 RTR (ARA8606V5) — Best value, lowest official RTR price

1/8 4WD buggy, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 70+ MPH, 6S softpack only
Horizon listed $579.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Check current price for ARRMA Typhon 6S (ARA8606V5) (listing URL already used on this site for SKU ARA8606V5; confirm the SKU on the live listing)

Top 10 Best ARRMA 6S comparison card of current RTRs with best-for labels, rated speeds and Horizon prices checked Nov 10, 2026 — Original graphic drawn from Horizon Hobby specs, prices, and intended use copy. Labels come from those Horizon facts, not test results.

The 10 current ARRMA 6S RTRs

Figures come from Horizon product pages. A battery and charger are not included. Check current price before you buy.

#	Model	Best for	SKU	Scale and type	Rated speed	Horizon price
1	KRATON 6S	All round basher	ARA8608V6	1/8 4WD monster truck	65+ MPH	$699.99
2	TYPHON 6S	Value / lowest official price	ARA8606V5	1/8 4WD buggy	70+ MPH	$579.99
3	NOTORIOUS 6S	Stunts	ARA8611V6	1/8 4WD stunt truck	65+ MPH	$699.99
4	FELONY 6S AVC	Street speed	ARA7617V2	1/7 4WD all road	80+ MPH	$699.99
5	INFRACTION 6S AVC	All road hooning	ARA7615V2	1/7 4WD all road	80+ MPH	$699.99
6	TYPHON 6S TLR Tuned	Racing style handling	ARA8406	1/8 4WD buggy	70+ MPH	$699.99
7	MOJAVE 6S	Open desert	ARA7604V3	1/7 4WD desert truck	60+ MPH	$719.99
8	KRATON 6S EXB	Bash toughness	ARA8708V6	1/8 4WD Extreme Bash monster truck	65+ MPH	$829.99
9	TALION 6S EXB	Top speed truck	ARA7707V6	1/7 4WD speed truck	75+ MPH	$829.99
10	MOJAVE 6S EXB	Desert toughness	ARA7704V3	1/7 4WD desert truck, Extreme Bash	60+ MPH	$849.99

Horizon listed these US prices when checked Nov 10, 2026. The Best for labels are taken from Horizon specs and manufacturer descriptions, not from tests. Infraction 6S AVC and Felony 6S AVC share the highest official RTR rating on this list at 80+ MPH. The TALION 6S EXB is the highest rated official off road 6S truck at 75+ MPH. Horizon also lists a Limitless 6S roller rated 110+ MPH, but it is not a Ready To Run and is not in this Top 10. See our Limitless V2 Speed Bash review and the top speed chart.

How to choose a 6S ARRMA

Start with the vehicle type and the surface you actually have, then match the official price band and scale.

Terrain. Horizon’s 1/8 monster truck for bashing and big air is the KRATON 6S (or the KRATON 6S EXB if you want the fuller factory Extreme Bash parts list). The stunt truck is the NOTORIOUS 6S. The desert trucks are the MOJAVE 6S and MOJAVE 6S EXB. The all road street bash trucks, both rated 80+ MPH, are the FELONY 6S AVC and INFRACTION 6S AVC. Horizon describes the TYPHON 6S TLR Tuned as a race spec buggy for the track or the bash spot.
Budget. Horizon listed the TYPHON 6S at $579.99, the lowest official 6S RTR price. Most of the class sits at $699.99, with the MOJAVE 6S at $719.99. The three factory EXB RTRs were listed at $829.99 (KRATON 6S EXB and TALION 6S EXB) and $849.99 (MOJAVE 6S EXB). Those are the official truck prices only.
1/8 vs 1/7 scale. The 1/8 RTRs are the KRATON 6S, KRATON 6S EXB, TYPHON 6S, TYPHON 6S TLR, and NOTORIOUS 6S. Lengths in that group run from the TYPHON 6S at 20.08 in (510 mm) to the KRATON 6S at 23.46 in (596 mm). The 1/7 RTRs are the INFRACTION, FELONY, both MOJAVE trucks, and the TALION 6S EXB. Lengths there run from the TALION at 22.87 in (581 mm) to the FELONY at 28.54 in (725 mm). Horizon’s TALION page says the current 1/7 truck is longer and more stable at high speed than the previous 1/8 Talion. That Horizon note is about the Talion, not a general 1/7 rule.
Battery cost. A battery and charger are not included. Horizon does not list a pack price on these vehicle pages, so treat a compatible 4S or 6S LiPo and a charger as a separate purchase on top of the truck price. Match the connector and pack notes: most of these RTRs list IC5, and the TYPHON 6S needed to complete list says 6S softpack only. Where Horizon publishes a minimum pack spec, the KRATON 6S and NOTORIOUS 6S lists say 5000mAh 50C. See the battery compatibility guide and the 6S LiPo battery guide for pack context, and the 3S vs 4S vs 6S power guide for class context.

The lineup, labeled by best for

1. KRATON 6S (ARA8608V6) — Best all round basher

This is the core 1/8 6S bash truck in the current lineup. Horizon lists it as a 4WD Ready To Run monster truck, rates it 65+ MPH, and describes it as the ultimate speed monster truck that handles big air and brutal bashing right out of the box. LiPo compatibility is 4S or 6S, IC5 connector, so the same truck can start on 4S. Horizon listed it at $699.99. The needed to complete list is a hardcase LiPo (two 2S, two 3S, one 4S, or one 6S), a compatible charger, and a minimum pack spec of 5000mAh 50C. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart V2 6S ESC with IC5 connectors and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor.

For a closer look at this truck versus a street 6S, see Kraton 6S vs Infraction. Older parts ideas live on our Kraton 6S upgrades list, which has not been rebuilt for the current V6 yet. If you are choosing between 4S and 6S classes, Quake 4S vs Kraton 6S covers that split; the current Quake is 4S, not 6S.

ARRMA KRATON 6S 4X4 RTR (ARA8608V6)

1/8 4WD monster truck, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 65+ MPH
Horizon listed $699.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Kraton 6S (ARA8608V6) (search results, not a specific listing)

2. TYPHON 6S (ARA8606V5) — Best value

This is the lowest priced 6S RTR in the current lineup. Horizon lists the 1/8 TYPHON 6S as a 4WD Ready To Run buggy, rates it 70+ MPH, and listed it at $579.99. LiPo compatibility is 6S or 4S, IC5 connector. The needed to complete list allows two 2S or 3S packs, or one 4S or 6S pack, with EC5 or IC5 connectors, and it states 6S softpack only. Do not assume a 6S hardcase will fit. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart 4S/6S ESC and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor.

Our older Typhon review covers the model family, including the 6S version. Battery notes for Kraton and Typhon 6S packs also sit in the ARRMA battery compatibility guide.

ARRMA TYPHON 6S 4X4 RTR (ARA8606V5)

1/8 4WD buggy, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 70+ MPH, 6S softpack only
Horizon listed $579.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Check current price for ARRMA Typhon 6S (ARA8606V5) (listing URL already used on this site for SKU ARA8606V5; confirm the SKU on the live listing)

3. NOTORIOUS 6S (ARA8611V6) — Best for stunts

The vehicle type is Stunt Truck, and Horizon’s product copy names wheelies, donuts, and standing and aerial backflips as the intended use. Horizon lists the 1/8 NOTORIOUS 6S as a 4WD Ready To Run, rates it 65+ MPH, and listed it at $699.99. LiPo compatibility is 4S or 6S, with EC5 or IC5 named on the spec list and IC5 on the in the box ESC. The needed to complete list is a hardcase LiPo (two 2S, two 3S, one 4S, or one 6S) with EC5 or IC5, a charger, and a minimum pack spec of 5000mAh 50C. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart V2 6S ESC and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor.

If you are moving a V5 body onto the current V6 truck, see the Notorious V5 to V6 body conversion guide.

ARRMA NOTORIOUS 6S 4X4 RTR (ARA8611V6)

1/8 4WD stunt truck, 4S or 6S, rated 65+ MPH
Horizon listed $699.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Notorious 6S (ARA8611V6) (search results, not a specific listing)

4. FELONY 6S AVC (ARA7617V2) — Best for street speed

Horizon rates both the FELONY 6S AVC and the INFRACTION 6S AVC at 80+ MPH, the highest official RTR figure on this list, and listed both at $699.99. The Felony gets the street speed label because Horizon’s product description is the one that names street bashing or drag racing at 80+ MPH, and says it is at home blasting at high speeds on road, over dirt roads, and on oval tracks. Horizon’s copy also notes regular front and larger rear tires, with front and rear gearbox ratios matched to those tire sizes. LiPo compatibility is 4S or 6S. The connector type is listed as IC5, EC5. The needed to complete list is two 2S or two 3S packs with EC5 or IC5, a charger, and four AA cells. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart ESC and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor. Listed tech is AVC and SMART. Length is 28.54 in (725 mm).

See our Felony 6S review and the older Felony upgrades list.

ARRMA FELONY 6S AVC 4X4 RTR (ARA7617V2)

1/7 4WD all road, 4S or 6S, IC5 and EC5 listed, rated 80+ MPH, AVC and SMART
Horizon listed $699.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Check current price for ARRMA Felony 6S (ARA7617V2T1) (listing URL already used on this site for color variant ARA7617V2T1 of the current ARA7617V2; confirm the SKU on the live listing)

5. INFRACTION 6S AVC (ARA7615V2) — Best for all road hooning

The Infraction shares the Felony’s 80+ MPH rating and $699.99 list price, so it is not a faster truck. Its own label comes from Horizon’s intended use copy: a handbrake for drifting, hooning, and stunt action, plus Horizon language that you can run it on all roads, in all conditions, over loose gravel, asphalt, smooth dirt, and short grass. Horizon also lists a full width front splitter and a rear diffuser for downforce. LiPo compatibility is 4S or 6S, IC5 connector. The needed to complete list names two 2S or two 3S LiPo packs with EC5 or IC5, a charger, and four AA cells. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart ESC and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor. Listed tech is AVC and SMART. Length is 27.36 in (695 mm), shorter than the Felony.

Compare it with the Kraton in Kraton 6S vs Infraction. Older parts ideas are on our Infraction upgrades list.

ARRMA INFRACTION 6S AVC 4X4 RTR (ARA7615V2)

1/7 4WD all road, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 80+ MPH, AVC and SMART, handbrake
Horizon listed $699.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Infraction 6S (ARA7615V2) (search results, not a specific listing)

6. TYPHON 6S TLR Tuned (ARA8406) — Best for racing style handling

Horizon names this the TLR Tuned TYPHON 4WD Race Buggy and says it gives bashers a platform for entering competitive racing, with the chassis tuning capabilities of a race spec buggy. Horizon’s copy also says that on 4S you can compete at a local racetrack, and it lists race compound dBoots EXABYTE tires and a Race Spec tunable rear wing. Horizon lists it as a 1/8 4WD Ready To Run, rates it 70+ MPH, and listed it at $699.99. LiPo compatibility is 6S or 4S, IC5 connector. The needed to complete list is one 4S or 6S LiPo with EC5 or IC5, and a charger. Chassis material is a 3 mm 7075 T6 aluminum plate, versus 6061 T6 on the standard TYPHON 6S. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart waterproof ESC and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor.

The standard TYPHON 6S at $579.99 remains the value 6S buggy on official price. This TLR tuned version is the race spec take at the same official 70+ MPH rating. See the Typhon review for family context, and the top speed chart for the official 70+ MPH rating next to the rest of the lineup.

ARRMA TYPHON 6S TLR Tuned 4X4 RTR (ARA8406)

1/8 4WD buggy, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 70+ MPH, 7075 T6 chassis plate, race spec parts
Horizon listed $699.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Typhon 6S TLR (ARA8406) (search results, not a specific listing)

7. MOJAVE 6S (ARA7604V3) — Best for open desert

The vehicle type is Desert Truck. Horizon’s product copy describes it as ready to charge across wide open terrain, with desert focused handling from a long wheelbase and wide stance, and 60+ MPH capability for high speed desert style driving. Horizon lists the 1/7 MOJAVE 6S as a 4WD Ready To Run and listed it at $719.99. LiPo compatibility is 2S, 3S, 4S or 6S, IC5 connector. The needed to complete list is two 2S hardcase packs, two 3S hardcase packs, one 4S hardcase, or one 6S hardcase, all IC5, plus a charger and a LiPo safe bag. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart V2 waterproof ESC (4S/6S) and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor. Length is 28.14 in (715 mm) and weight is 14.31 lb (6.49 kg) with electronics, the heaviest RTR on this list.

The V3 versus the factory EXB version is covered in Mojave 6S V3 vs Mojave 6S EXB. Our older Mojave review and Mojave upgrades list predate the current V3.

ARRMA MOJAVE 6S 4X4 RTR (ARA7604V3)

1/7 4WD desert truck, 2S through 6S, IC5, rated 60+ MPH
Horizon listed $719.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Mojave 6S (ARA7604V3) (search results, not a specific listing)

8. KRATON 6S EXB (ARA8708V6) — Best for bash toughness

This is the factory Extreme Bash take on the 1/8 6S monster truck. Horizon lists the KRATON 6S EXB as a 4WD Ready To Run, rates it 65+ MPH (the same official number as the standard KRATON 6S), and listed it at $829.99. Horizon’s copy calls it the ultimate 1/8 scale basher and says EXB hardened parts provide exceptional toughness, including red anodized aluminum front and rear bulkheads and braces, 7075 T6 shock towers, and a 3 mm 7075 T6 aluminum chassis plate. LiPo compatibility is 4S or 6S, IC5 connector. The needed to complete list is a hardcase LiPo (two 2S, two 3S, one 4S, or one 6S), a charger, and a charging bag. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart V2 6S ESC with IC5 connectors and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor. The extra $130 over the $699.99 truck is the EXB parts package, not a higher published MPH number.

See Kraton 6S EXB vs Infraction if you are choosing between the factory EXB truck and the all road Infraction.

ARRMA KRATON 6S EXB 4X4 RTR (ARA8708V6)

1/8 4WD Extreme Bash monster truck, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 65+ MPH
Horizon listed $829.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Kraton 6S EXB (ARA8708V6) (search results, not a specific listing)

9. TALION 6S EXB (ARA7707V6) — Best top speed truck

This is the highest rated off road 6S truck on the current RTR list. Horizon lists it as a 1/7 4WD Ready To Run speed truck, rates it 75+ MPH, and listed it at $829.99. That 75+ MPH official figure sits above the KRATON, NOTORIOUS, and MOJAVE truck ratings, and below the 80+ MPH all road ratings on the Felony and Infraction. Vehicle type also includes off road, Extreme Bash, and Monster Truck. Horizon’s copy says the current 1/7 truck is longer and more stable at high speed than the previous 1/8 Talion, and names a 7075 T6 aluminum chassis plate plus EXB parts. LiPo compatibility is 4S or 6S, IC5 connector. The needed to complete list names a charger, two 2S packs, two 3S packs, one 4S hardcase, or one 6S hardcase, plus a charging bag. The in the box list names a Spektrum Firma 150A Smart V2 6S ESC with IC5 connectors and a Firma 4074 2050Kv brushless motor with an ARRMA heatsink and cooling fan. Length is 22.87 in (581 mm).

See our Talion 6S review for the model background.

ARRMA TALION 6S EXB 4X4 RTR (ARA7707V6)

1/7 4WD speed truck, 4S or 6S, IC5, rated 75+ MPH, 7075 T6 chassis
Horizon listed $829.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Talion 6S EXB (ARA7707V6) (search results, not a specific listing)

10. MOJAVE 6S EXB (ARA7704V3) — Best for desert toughness

Horizon’s line is “Extreme Bash hits the desert.” The vehicle type is Desert Truck, Extreme Bash, and the product copy says EXB means reinforced with premium components designed to handle repeated punishment across unforgiving terrain, including machined aluminum gearboxes and an upgraded EXB shock package. Horizon lists the 1/7 MOJAVE 6S EXB as a 4WD Ready To Run, rates it 60+ MPH (the same official number as the standard MOJAVE 6S), and listed it at $849.99, the highest official RTR price on this list. LiPo compatibility is 2S, 3S, 4S or 6S. The needed to complete list is two 2S hardcase packs, two 3S hardcase packs, one 4S hardcase, or one 6S hardcase, plus a charger and a LiPo safe bag. Length, width, height, weight, 4074 2050Kv motor, and 60+ MPH rating match the standard MOJAVE 6S. The extra $130 over the $719.99 V3 is the EXB package, not a higher published speed.

The side by side is in Mojave 6S V3 vs Mojave 6S EXB.

ARRMA MOJAVE 6S EXB 4X4 RTR (ARA7704V3)

1/7 4WD desert truck, Extreme Bash, 2S through 6S, rated 60+ MPH
Horizon listed $849.99 when checked Nov 10, 2026. Battery and charger are not included.

Search Amazon for ARRMA Mojave 6S EXB (ARA7704V3) (search results, not a specific listing)

FAQ

What is the best ARRMA 6S to buy?

There is no single “best” model. The KRATON 6S is the best all round basher and the TYPHON 6S is the best value, as the lowest priced official 6S RTR. Pick the others by vehicle type: stunts (Notorious), street speed (Felony), all road hooning (Infraction), racing style handling (Typhon 6S TLR), open desert (Mojave 6S), bash toughness (Kraton 6S EXB), top speed truck (Talion 6S EXB), or desert toughness (Mojave 6S EXB). This page does not add test results on top of those specs.

How fast is an ARRMA 6S?

Horizon’s official RTR ratings run from 60+ MPH on the Mojave 6S trucks to 80+ MPH on the Infraction 6S AVC and Felony 6S AVC. The Talion 6S EXB is rated 75+ MPH. The Kraton 6S, Kraton 6S EXB and Notorious 6S are rated 65+ MPH. Both Typhon 6S buggies are rated 70+ MPH. These are manufacturer figures, not speeds measured for this page.

Do ARRMA 6S trucks come with a battery?

No. Every current 6S RTR on Horizon’s pages lists the battery and charger as sold separately. You also need a LiPo charger, and several needed to complete lists include a LiPo safe bag or charging bag. Horizon does not list a pack price on these vehicle pages, so treat the pack and charger as a separate purchase on top of the truck price.

Infraction vs Felony, which 6S should you buy?

By the published specs, both are 1/7 4WD all road RTRs rated 80+ MPH and listed at $699.99, so neither has a higher published speed. Choose the Felony if you want Horizon’s street bashing or drag racing description, staggered front and rear tires, and on road or oval track copy. Choose the Infraction if you want the handbrake for drifting, hooning, and stunt action, plus Horizon’s all roads language (loose gravel, asphalt, smooth dirt, and short grass).

What battery does a Kraton 6S need?

Horizon’s needed to complete list for the KRATON 6S (ARA8608V6) is a hardcase LiPo in one of these layouts: two 2S, two 3S, one 4S, or one 6S. Compatibility is 4S or 6S, IC5 connector, with a minimum pack spec of 5000mAh 50C. A compatible charger is also required. The battery is not included. The NOTORIOUS 6S list uses the same minimum 5000mAh 50C spec. The TYPHON 6S is different: its needed to complete line says 6S softpack only.

What is the difference between the Mojave 6S and the Mojave 6S EXB?

Both are 1/7 desert trucks rated 60+ MPH, with the same length, width, height, weight, and 4074 2050Kv motor. Horizon listed the MOJAVE 6S (ARA7604V3) at $719.99 and the MOJAVE 6S EXB (ARA7704V3) at $849.99. The EXB’s difference is the factory Extreme Bash parts package, not a higher published speed. Horizon describes EXB on this truck as premium components for repeated punishment, including machined aluminum gearboxes and an upgraded EXB shock package. The side by side is in our Mojave 6S V3 vs Mojave 6S EXB guide.

What is the difference between the Typhon 6S and the Typhon 6S TLR?

Both 1/8 buggies are rated 70+ MPH. Horizon listed the standard TYPHON 6S at $579.99 and the TYPHON 6S TLR Tuned at $699.99. The TLR page is the one Horizon names a Race Buggy, with race spec chassis tuning parts, a 7075 T6 aluminum plate (the standard truck lists 6061 T6), race compound EXABYTE tires, and a Race Spec tunable rear wing. The standard TYPHON 6S needed to complete list also says 6S softpack only, which the TLR page does not repeat.

What is the difference between a standard 6S and an EXB?

EXB is Horizon’s Extreme Bash badge. On this list the EXB RTRs are the KRATON 6S EXB ($829.99), TALION 6S EXB ($829.99) and MOJAVE 6S EXB ($849.99). Official rated speeds on the Kraton EXB and Mojave EXB match their non EXB twins. The extra money is the factory EXB parts package, not a higher published MPH number. The Talion is sold only as an EXB in the current 6S lineup.

Is the ARRMA Quake a 6S truck?

No. The current Quake is a 4S truck. An older URL on this site still contains “6S” in the slug, but the live headline is Quake 4S vs Kraton 6S. Do not treat the Quake as a 6S model.

What about the Outcast 6S or Fireteam 6S?

This list is limited to vehicles Horizon listed as current 6S models when the Horizon pages were checked. An Outcast 6S search on Horizon returned bodies and hop ups, not a current Outcast 6S RTR. A Fireteam 6S search did not return a current vehicle page. The current Outcast in the 8S class is a different power level and is not on this 6S list.

Where to look before you buy

Retail listings change, so compare current prices yourself. Horizon product pages are the spec and price source for this article. Some links below are Amazon search results, not a confirmed product listing. Two links reuse Amazon URLs already published on this site that include the current SKU in the path. We do not confirm price or availability on Amazon. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.